{"id":93,"date":"2025-07-09T16:56:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T16:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/?page_id=93"},"modified":"2025-10-06T19:44:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T19:44:03","slug":"territoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/territoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Territoire"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#939F5C” background_enable_image=”off” background_position=”center_left” height=”200px” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.85)” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” min_height=”200px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” mix_blend_mode=”multiply” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n

%22%22TERRITOIRE<\/h1>\n

” content_phone=”<\/p>\n

%22%22<\/h1>\n

TERRITOIRE<\/h1>\n

” content_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_font=”|800|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font_size=”90px” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”20px|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” hover_enabled=”0″ header_text_color_tablet=”#FFFFFF” header_text_color_phone=”#FFFFFF” header_text_color_last_edited=”on|phone” header_font_size_tablet=”90px” header_font_size_phone=”50px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ header_text_shadow_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}” header_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

\"\"TERRITOIRE<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ next_background_color=”#FEF7E8″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#939F5C” bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”2px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9volution de la gestion des territoires w8banakiak entre la Proclamation royale et la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle suit deux tendances r\u00e9sultantes : la premi\u00e8re, de la Proclamation royale \u00e0 1830, est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la restriction des territoires caus\u00e9e par l\u2019immigration des loyalistes et des colons, et la deuxi\u00e8me, \u00e0 partir de 1830 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1890, marque le d\u00e9placement de la population w8banakiak vers le nord de la Mauricie.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”justified” custom_margin=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Dans notre corpus il y a des p\u00e9titions, des comptes-rendus, des journaux r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des employ\u00e9s dans les postes de traite de la Compagnie de la Baie d\u2019Hudson, des correspondances, des lettres et des rapports. Les correspondances pr\u00e9sentes sont des r\u00e9ponses tardives et unidirectionnelles. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, le contenu des documents est intimement li\u00e9 au destinataire en raison du pouvoir administratif qu’il poss\u00e8de vis-\u00e0-vis la situation. Afin de bien analyser ce corpus h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne, nous avons favoris\u00e9 la technique du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au pr\u00e9cis. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 avec les informations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales tir\u00e9es de nos sources, pour les mettre dans un tableau Excel , pour les ordonner et cr\u00e9er un graphique qui va d\u00e9montrer les tendances soulev\u00e9es au travers du projet.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FEF7E8″ bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ bottom_divider_color=”#939F5C” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Restriction des territoires” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text quote_border_color=”#939F5C” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ link_text_color=”#939F5C” ul_text_color=”#939F5C” ol_text_color=”#939F5C” quote_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” border_color_all=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Selon la premi\u00e8re tendance observ\u00e9e, entre la Proclamation royale (1763) et 1830, les W8banakiak poss\u00e9daient un large territoire appel\u00e9 le Ndakina. Au fil du temps, ce territoire fut drastiquement r\u00e9duit \u00e0 la suite de la guerre du Roi Philip (1670-1678) et l\u2019invasion territoriale des Yankees qui s\u2019intensifie en 1777. Ceux-ci forc\u00e8rent les communaut\u00e9s w8banakiak du sud du Ndakina vers le nord, principalement vers Odanak, qui deviendra la plus grande communaut\u00e9 w8banaki.<\/p>\n

Comme le mention l\u2019anthropologue Claude G\u00e9linas, \u00ab peu de temps apr\u00e8s la Conqu\u00eate, les [W8banakiak] d\u2019Odanak ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 porter plainte aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s politiques contre l\u2019empi\u00e9tement des Canadiens sur leurs terres de chasse \u00bb[1]<\/span><\/a>. En effet, une migration des colons et des loyalistes sur les territoires des W8banakiak au sud du Qu\u00e9bec oblige le d\u00e9placement des territoires de chasse de la communaut\u00e9 vers territoires de chasses. Elle marque \u00e9galement l\u2019augmentation de p\u00e9titions des W8banakiak pour l\u2019obtention de terres agricoles et la r\u00e9obtention de leurs territoires.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text quote_border_color=”#939F5C” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”12px” link_text_color=”#939F5C” ul_text_color=”#939F5C” ol_text_color=”#939F5C” quote_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” border_color_all=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/a> Claude G\u00e9linas, \u00ab\u00a0La Mauricie des Ab\u00e9naquis au XIXe si\u00e8cle\u00a0\u00bb, Recherches am\u00e9rindiennes au Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, vol.\u00a033, no\u00a02, 2003, p.\u00a045.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ loop=”on” use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_font_size=”13px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” border_width_all=”3px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarouselitem df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Revendications2.png” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][et_pb_text quote_border_color=”#939F5C” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”12px” quote_text_color=”#000000″ quote_font_size=”16px” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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\u00ab All that surprizes & alarms us is, that some of these new settlers have told to some of our People, that they should not hunt within their Right. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Extrait d’un compte-rendu datant de 1766 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux gouverneurs de New York et de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#939F5C” bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ bottom_divider_color=”#FFFFFF” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ loop=”on” use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” title_order=”1″ subtitle_order=”2″ dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” item_wrapper_padding=”25px||25px||false|false” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_text_align=”center” cc_title_font_size=”16px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_text_align=”center” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarouselitem title=”Territoires revendiqu\u00e9s entre 1760 et 1890 en Mauricie” sub_title=”Territoire du Ndakina et nouveaux territoires de chasse w8banakiak” df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Carte-finale-avec-legende-e1759417115535.png” df_cci_image_align=”center” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ image_wrapper_margin=”10px||0px||false|false” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_text_align=”center” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”D\u00e9placement de la population” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text quote_border_color=”#939F5C” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ link_text_color=”#939F5C” ul_text_color=”#939F5C” ol_text_color=”#939F5C” quote_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” border_color_all=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1830, une seconde tendance se d\u00e9ploie : les W8banakiak seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer vers le nord du St-Laurent, s\u2019introduisant sur des terrains de chasse algonquins. Les conflits entre les communaut\u00e9s sont imminents puisque les Algonquins poss\u00e8dent un syst\u00e8me de droits flexibles pour garantir un acc\u00e8s individuel \u00e9quitable aux ressources et assurer le besoin de subsistance de leur communaut\u00e9 (G\u00e9linas, 2000). Ils r\u00e9digent donc plusieurs p\u00e9titions afin d\u2019\u00e9loigner les W8banakiak de leur territoire.<\/p>\n

Les Algonquins vont \u00e9galement demander la cr\u00e9ation de territoires r\u00e9serv\u00e9s afin d\u2019obtenir une meilleure autonomie de chasse et d\u2019agriculture. Comme pr\u00e9cise l\u2019historien Alain Beaulieu, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un espace r\u00e9serv\u00e9 devient une solution au manque de terre dans la colonie et l\u2019accaparement des territoires de chasse par les colons. Vis-\u00e0-vis ces p\u00e9titions les W8banakiak utilisent plusieurs arguments pour justifier leur fr\u00e9quentation en territoires algonquins. Ils mettent l\u2019accent sur leur situation territoriale et leur situation socio-\u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

Pour conclure, en premi\u00e8re tendance la communaut\u00e9 w8banaki perd une grande partie de son territoire de chasse, d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019installation des colons. En d\u00e9coule la deuxi\u00e8me tendance, de 1830 \u00e0 1890, ils vont se d\u00e9placer vers le nord, ce qui cause des frictions territoriales avec les Algonquins.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Bibliographie” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”]Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

B.A.C., MG11, C042, bob.4M00-2801 A, vol. 26, f. 278-279.<\/p>\n

Gordon Day \u00ab Western Abenaki \u00bb, dans The Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15: The Northeast<\/em>, dir. Bruce Trigger (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1978), pp.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9tudes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Beaulieu, Alain, St\u00e9phan Gervais, et Martin Papillon, dir., Les Autochtones et le Qu\u00e9bec : Des premiers
\ncontacts au Plan Nord, Montr\u00e9al, Presses de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2013, 405 p.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9linas, Claude, \u00ab La Mauricie des Ab\u00e9naquis au XIXe si\u00e8cle\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Recherches am\u00e9rindiennes au Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, vol.\u00a033, no\u00a02, 2003, p. 44-56.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9linas, Claude,\u00a0 La gestion de l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Les Atikamekw et la pr\u00e9sence Eurocanadienne en Haute-Mauricie 1760-1870,<\/em> Qu\u00e9bec, Septentrion, 2000, 384p.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#939F5C” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”40px|40px|40px|40px|false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=” Pour en savoir plus\u2026” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bouchard, Isabelle, \u00ab Des syst\u00e8mes politiques en qu\u00eate de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 : terres “seigneuriales”, pouvoirs et enjeux locaux dans les communaut\u00e9s autochtones de la vall\u00e9e du Saint-Laurent (1760-1860) \u00bb, th\u00e8se de doctorat (histoire), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, 2017.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9linas, Claude, \u00ab La Mauricie des Ab\u00e9naquis au XIXe si\u00e8cle\u00a0\u00bb, Recherches am\u00e9rindiennes au Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, vol.\u00a033, no\u00a02, 2003, p.44-56.<\/p>\n

Gill, Lucie, \u00ab La nation ab\u00e9naquise et la question territoriale \u00bb, Les Ab\u00e9naquis au Qu\u00e9bec: des grands espaces aux luttes actuelles, vol. 33,\u00a0no\u00a02, 2003, p.71-74.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Charles-Hugo Grondin, Myrelle Paradis, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Tremblay et Xavier Vigneault.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Texte r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par: Charles-Hugo Grondin, Myrelle Paradis, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Tremblay et Xavier Vigneault.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TERRITOIREL’\u00e9volution de la gestion des territoires w8banakiak entre la Proclamation royale et la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle suit deux tendances r\u00e9sultantes : la premi\u00e8re, de la Proclamation royale \u00e0 1830, est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la restriction des territoires caus\u00e9e par l\u2019immigration des loyalistes et des colons, et la deuxi\u00e8me, \u00e0 partir de 1830 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1890, marque […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"difl_page_category":[],"class_list":["post-93","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":859,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions\/859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"difl_page_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/difl_page_category?post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}