{"id":101,"date":"2025-07-09T16:56:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T16:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/?page_id=101"},"modified":"2025-10-06T19:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T19:17:16","slug":"education-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/education-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9ducation"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#6C809A” background_enable_image=”off” background_position=”bottom_right” height=”200px” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.85)” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” min_height=”204px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” mix_blend_mode=”multiply” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n

%22%22\u00c9DUCATION<\/h1>\n

” content_phone=”<\/p>\n

%22%22<\/h1>\n

\u00c9DUCATION<\/h1>\n

” content_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_font=”|800|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font_size=”90px” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”20px|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” header_text_color_tablet=”#FFFFFF” header_text_color_phone=”#FFFFFF” header_text_color_last_edited=”on|phone” header_font_size_tablet=”90px” header_font_size_phone=”50px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ header_text_shadow_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}” header_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”]<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00c9DUCATION<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#6C809A” bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ bottom_divider_color=”#FEF7E8″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Enseigner pour r\u00e9gner : Luttes de pouvoir \u00e0 Odanak, au XIXe si\u00e8cle” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_font=”|700|||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”15px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”4px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Dans la communaut\u00e9 w8banaki du village d’Odanak, la question de l’\u00e9ducation des jeunes enfants <\/span><\/span>autochtones <\/span><\/span>est sujette \u00e0 de vives r\u00e9actions de la part des multiples entit\u00e9s qui composent cette micro-soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Des d\u00e9bats entre les chefs autochtones, les instances de pouvoir religieux (<\/span><\/span>catho<\/span><\/span>liques <\/span><\/span>et protestant<\/span><\/span>es) <\/span><\/span>et le <\/span>D\u00e9partement <\/span>des <\/span>affaires <\/span>indiennes secouent la communaut\u00e9 au quotidien lors de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du <\/span>19<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e8me <\/span><\/span><\/span>si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>On <\/span>peut remarquer <\/span>que certains acteurs protestants souhaitent l’alphab\u00e9tisation des W8banakiak contrairement aux missionnaires catholiques.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FEF7E8″ bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ bottom_divider_color=”#6C809A” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”L’\u00e9ducation des Autochtones” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Comment <\/span>l’attitude des diff\u00e9rents acteurs <\/span>politiques <\/span>et religieux face \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation des <\/span>Autochtones <\/span>d’Odanak <\/span>est <\/span>tributaire <\/span>d’ <\/span>une <\/span>lutte <\/span>de <\/span>pouvoir <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l’\u00e9chelle de la colonie \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u2019une part, <\/span>on peut supposer<\/span> par <\/span>l<\/span>e<\/span>s actions <\/span>des<\/span> missionnaires <\/span>catholiques<\/span>, comme <\/span>No\u00ebl Laurent <\/span>Amiot<\/span> et Jos\u00e9 B\u00e9langer<\/span>,<\/span> qu’ils agissent dans le but de conserver <\/span>leur r\u00f4le <\/span>d\u2019in<\/span>term\u00e9diaire politique<\/span> <\/span>face au <\/span>pouvoir <\/span>colonial britannique<\/span>. <\/span>Par ailleurs, <\/span>le<\/span> <\/span>premier<\/span> ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u00e9cole<\/span> w8banaki<\/span> protestant<\/span> dans ce village, <\/span>Peter Paul <\/span>Osunkhirhine<\/span>, un acteur dont <\/span>les<\/span> actions <\/span>divisent<\/span> la <\/span>communaut\u00e9 <\/span>dans des d\u00e9bats linguistiques et religieux<\/span>, cherche aussi \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger ses int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/span> en <\/span>amenant les jeunes <\/span>w8banakiak<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>s\u2019<\/span>\u00e9manciper<\/span> de l\u2019influence des missionnaires catholiques<\/span> par <\/span>l\u2019<\/span>alphab\u00e9tisation<\/span> et<\/span> <\/span>la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019\u00e9crit.<\/span> <\/span>Cette sit<\/span>u<\/span>ation<\/span> <\/span>va m\u00eame <\/span>\u00eatre port\u00e9e<\/span> <\/span>jusqu\u2019aux oreilles de<\/span>s plus hautes autorit\u00e9s<\/span> du Bas-Canada<\/span>, ce qui t\u00e9moigne <\/span>que<\/span> <\/span>les<\/span> <\/span>luttes de pouvoir <\/span>globales<\/span> <\/span>se refl\u00e8tent<\/span> dans celles<\/span>, plus locales,<\/span> qui traversent <\/span>Odanak<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Afin de v\u00e9rifier cette <\/span>hypoth\u00e8se, <\/span>nous<\/span> <\/span>nous sommes <\/span>pench\u00e9s<\/span> sur un corpus de <\/span>sources<\/span> com<\/span>pos\u00e9 principalement de lettres et de <\/span>p\u00e9titions <\/span>provenant du <\/span>D<\/span>\u00e9partement<\/span> des affaires indiennes,<\/span> <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019<\/span>a<\/span>rchidioc\u00e8se de Qu\u00e9bec <\/span>et <\/span>de <\/span>la congr\u00e9gation protestante de<\/span> l\u2019<\/span><\/span>American <\/span>Board<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>Comm<\/span>issioners<\/span> for <\/span>Foreign<\/span> Missions<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Nous avons <\/span>class\u00e9<\/span> ces sources dans un tableau Excel dans le but de <\/span>s\u00e9lectionner les informations<\/span> n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 notre recherche. <\/span>Toutefois, nous<\/span> travaillons dans un corpus qui ne contient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement <\/span>que <\/span>peu de t\u00e9moignages <\/span>provenant<\/span> des habitants w8banakiak. <\/span>Il peut <\/span>donc<\/span> y avoir un<\/span> biais puisque <\/span>nous avons plusieurs lettres provenant de <\/span>l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/span> catholique <\/span>qui <\/span>avait, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, une position qui semble paternaliste \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des nations autochtones<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_font_size=”13px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][difl_contentcarouselitem title=”\u00c9glise Saint-Fran\u00e7ois-de-Sales, Odanak ” sub_title=”BAnQ, Fonds La Presse, p. 833, s\u00e9rie 3, \u00e9glise Saint-Fran\u00e7ois-de-Sales, Odanak, Archive national \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.” df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Sans-titre-e1759421780864.png” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ border_width_all_image_wrapper_border=”3px” global_colors_info=”{}” cc_title_text_align=”center” cc_subtitle_text_align=”center” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ next_background_color=”#FEF7E8″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#6C809A” bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ loop=”on” use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” image_wrapper_margin=”20px|10px|20px|10px|false|false” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_font_size=”13px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarouselitem df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Image-2025-08-14-a-14.46.jpg” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”D\u00e9but de l’\u00e9ducation \u00e0 Odanak” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

En 1802, <\/span><\/span>chez les <\/span><\/span>W8banakiak d’Odanak, <\/span><\/span>ouvrent la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9cole du Bas-Canada <\/span><\/span>dans un village de \u00ab domicili\u00e9s \u00bb. <\/span><\/span>Elle est ouverte par le ma\u00eetre d’\u00e9cole Francis <\/span><\/span>Annance <\/span><\/span>, qui fait lui-m\u00eame partie de la communaut\u00e9 w8banaki. <\/span><\/span>En <\/span>1824 <\/span>, <\/span>alors que <\/span>cette \u00e9cole <\/span>est bien projet\u00e9e, <\/span>se dessine<\/span>nt <\/span>les premi\u00e8res tensions religieuses dans le village.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FEF7E8″ bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ bottom_divider_color=”#6C809A” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Les divisions s’amorcent…” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span>communaut\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>divis\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>par une plainte <\/span><\/span>d’un chef w8banaki <\/span><\/span>faite \u00e0 l’endroit du pr\u00eatre catholique du village, No\u00ebl-Laurent Amiot. <\/span><\/span>Celui-ci <\/span><\/span>se <\/span><\/span>pr\u00e9tendrait <\/span><\/span>tr\u00e9sorier <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>premier chef de la nation <\/span><\/span>, en plus de <\/span><\/span>refuser de d\u00e9voiler les livres de compte de <\/span><\/span>la communaut\u00e9. <\/span><\/span>N\u00e9anmoins, <\/span><\/span>il <\/span><\/span>a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 convaincre <\/span>une partie des habitants du village de sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 <\/span>. <\/span>L’affaire va jusqu’\u00e0 n\u00e9cessiter <\/span>une <\/span>intervention <\/span>du <\/span>D\u00e9partement des affaires <\/span>indiennes <\/span>, <\/span>qui limite <\/span>strictement <\/span>la <\/span>sph\u00e8re d’influence d’Amiot au spirituel <\/span>. Il <\/span>n’est <\/span>plus autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 se <\/span>m\u00ealer <\/span>de la gestion des terres et des finances <\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En 1829 <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>sc\u00e8ne politique <\/span><\/span>change <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 Odanak <\/span><\/span>\u202f: Peter Paul <\/span><\/span>Osunkhirhine <\/span><\/span>, un pasteur w8banaki congr\u00e9gationaliste \u00e9duqu\u00e9 dans une institution scolaire protestante <\/span><\/span>aux <\/span><\/span>\u00c9tats-Unis <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>retourne <\/span>dans son village natal pour y enseigner. <\/span>Sa nomination <\/span>comme <\/span>ma\u00eetre d’\u00e9cole <\/span>est inadmissible pour le missionnaire Amiot, qui est catholique. La communaut\u00e9 est divis\u00e9e entre les chefs qui soutiennent <\/span>Osunkhirhine<\/span><\/span> et ceux qui soutiennent Amiot.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Amiot <\/span><\/span>fait appel <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l’ <\/span>\u00e9v\u00eaque <\/span>de Qu\u00e9bec, <\/span>qui <\/span>lui <\/span>donne son support <\/span>. <\/span>Il <\/span>ajoute que le pr\u00eatre devrait refuser les sacrements aux W8banakiak qui envoient leurs enfants \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole du pasteur <\/span>, <\/span>craignant le m\u00e9lange entre catholiques et protestants<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00abC’est une r\u00e8gle suivie dans ce Dioc\u00e8se que les enfants des Catholiques ne doivent pas fr\u00e9quenter les \u00e9coles des protestants, ni les enfants des protestants les \u00e9coles des Catholiques. Ainsi vous devez refuser aux sacrements les sauvages et les canadiens qui ne veulent pas s’y conformer.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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– \u00c9v\u00eaque de Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bernard-Claude <\/span>Panet<\/span> \u00e0 No\u00ebl-Laurent Amiot, 8 ao\u00fbt 1829. Archives de l’Archidioc\u00e8se de Qu\u00e9bec, 210A, Registre des lettres, vol. 14, p. 84<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ loop=”on” use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” image_wrapper_margin=”||||false|false” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_font_size=”13px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#000000″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarouselitem df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Image-2025-08-14-a-16.34.jpg” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ next_background_color=”#ffffff” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#6C809A” bottom_divider_style=”arrow3″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”R\u00e9percussions” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9sultat est terrible pour l’\u00e9cole d’ <\/span><\/span>Osunkhirine <\/span><\/span>, qui perd 2\/3 de ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Les <\/span>divisions internes <\/span>s’\u00e9largissent <\/span>quand une <\/span>premi\u00e8re p\u00e9tition formelle <\/span>, faite <\/span>par le <\/span>missionnaire catholique <\/span>Jos\u00e9 B\u00e9langer <\/span>et sign\u00e9e par 30 W8banakiak <\/span>du village <\/span>, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant les actions <\/span>du pasteur <\/span>, est envoy\u00e9e <\/span>en 1832 <\/span>au Gouverneur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral <\/span>du Bas-Canada <\/span>, qui se dit <\/span>insatisfait <\/span>par la performance du pasteur et <\/span>menace son renvoi.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En 1834, le salissage politique d’ Osunkhirhine<\/span> s’empire ; Certains chefs refusent de faire \u00e9duquer leurs enfants chez lui parce qu’il les fait travailler sur sa ferme, en plus de les convertir de force au protestantisme. B\u00e9langer profite de l’instabilit\u00e9 politique pour s’emparer du contr\u00f4le des livres de comptes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En 1835, le D\u00e9partement des <\/span>affaires indiennes <\/span>intervient <\/span>de <\/span>nouveau <\/span>\u00e0 Odanak pour mener une enqu\u00eate au sujet de Peter <\/span>Paul <\/span>Osunkhirhine <\/span>. <\/span>Le <\/span>D\u00e9partement <\/span>commence \u00e0 suspecter <\/span>qu’il est victime d’une conspiration, anim\u00e9e <\/span>par la dispute de pouvoir entre <\/span>les chefs <\/span>w8banakiak. <\/span>Ultimement, Peter Paul <\/span>Osunkhirhine <\/span>perd son poste d’enseignant<\/span>, mais le D\u00e9partement refuse <\/span>de le bannir <\/span>du village, trouvant la mesure excessive.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||70px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarousel item_desktop=”1″ item_tablet=”1″ loop=”on” use_lightbox=”on” use_lightbox_title=”on” dots_color=”#000000″ active_dots_color=”#CBA328″ dot_vertical_position=”1px” image_wrapper_margin=”20px|10px|20px|10px|false|false” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” cc_title_font=”|700|||||||” cc_title_font_size=”13px” cc_subtitle_font=”||on||||||” cc_subtitle_font_size=”12px” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”][difl_contentcarouselitem df_cci_image=”https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Image-2025-08-14-a-16.45.jpg” cc_button_button_url_new_window=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/difl_contentcarouselitem][\/difl_contentcarousel][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Et \u00e0 la fin ?” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_orientation=”justified” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s de nombreuses ann\u00e9es <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 avoir navigu\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>entre <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9bats <\/span><\/span>religieux <\/span><\/span>et instabilit\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>politique <\/span>dans le village d’Odanak, <\/span>la conclusion est positive <\/span>pour Peter Paul <\/span>Osunkhirhine <\/span>, qui <\/span>garde <\/span>son \u00e9cole <\/span>gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des dons de ses coll\u00e8gues protestants <\/span>. Il souhaite former<\/span>\u00a0une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de jeunes hommes w8banakiak <\/span>comme <\/span>rel\u00e8ve politique de la communaut\u00e9 <\/span>, car il maintient <\/span>que l’\u00e9mancipation des communaut\u00e9s autochtones et leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des postes d’importance passe<\/span>nt <\/span>par leur \u00e9ducation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=”Bibliographie” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9tudes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Greer, Allan, \u00ab Settler Colonialism and Beyond \u00bb, Revue de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 historique du Canada<\/em>, vol. 30, no 1, 2019, p. 61-86.<\/p>\n

Jean Barman, \u00ab Abenaki Daring : The Life and Writings of Noel Annance, 1792- 1869 \u00bb, McGill-Queen\u2019s University Press<\/em>, 2016, p. 39-45.<\/p>\n

St\u00e9phanie Boutevain, \u00ab Un penseur pragmatique. R\u00e9flexions sur le protestantisme de Peter Paul Osunkhirhine, pasteur ab\u00e9naquis du xixe si\u00e8cle \u00bb, Recherches am\u00e9rindiennes au Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, vol. 46, no. 1, 2016, p. 49-62.<\/p>\n

Mathieu Chaurette, \u00ab L\u2019opposition des missionnaires catholiques \u00e0 la scolarisation des Autochtones au Bas-Canada, 1826-1845 \u00bb, Revue d\u2019histoire de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, 65(4), 2014, p. 473-502.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#6C809A” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”40px|40px|40px|40px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_heading title=” Pour en savoir plus\u2026” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h2″ title_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Philippe Charland, \u00ab <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kikinamasowinnoak <\/span><\/span>, patlih8zak ta Aln8bak <\/span><\/span><\/span>\/ <\/span><\/span>Les pr\u00e9dicateurs, les pr\u00eatres et les Ab\u00e9nakis : la traduction du<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Petit cat\u00e9chisme du dioc\u00e8se de Qu\u00e9bec <\/span><\/span><\/span>en 1832 et la pr\u00e9servation cach\u00e9e des valeurs <\/span><\/span>ab\u00e9nakises <\/span><\/span>\u00bb, <\/span><\/span><\/span>L’universel \u00e0 l’\u00e9preuve de la traduction <\/span><\/span>: actualit\u00e9s de la traduction des sciences humaines et <\/span><\/span>sociales <\/span><\/span><\/span>, vol. 37, n\u00b01 <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>2024 <\/span>, <\/span>p. <\/span>127-155 <\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.erudit.org\/fr\/revues\/ttr\/2024-v37-n1-ttr09701\/1114774ar\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chaurette <\/span><\/span>, Mathieu, \u00ab L’opposition des missionnaires catholiques \u00e0 la scolarisation des Autochtones au Bas-Canada, 1826-1845 \u00bb, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Revue d’histoire de l’Am\u00e9rique fran\u00e7aise <\/span><\/span><\/span>, vol. 65, n\u00b01, 2012, p. 473-502. <\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1021050ar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Joseph <\/span><\/span>Anselme <\/span>Marault <\/span>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Histoire des <\/span><\/span>Ab\u00e9nakis <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>puis <\/span><\/span>1605 <\/span><\/span>jusqu’\u00e0 nos <\/span>jours<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>Sorel, <\/span><\/span>Gazette <\/span>de <\/span>Sorel <\/span>, <\/span>1866, <\/span>p.631. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/numerique.banq.qc.ca\/patrimoine\/details\/52327\/2022960<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Texte r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par: Florence Carbonneau, Laurie Dable, William Gosselin et Joelle Verreault<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9DUCATIONDans la communaut\u00e9 w8banaki du village d’Odanak, la question de l’\u00e9ducation des jeunes enfants autochtones est sujette \u00e0 de vives r\u00e9actions de la part des multiples entit\u00e9s qui composent cette micro-soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Des d\u00e9bats entre les chefs autochtones, les instances de pouvoir religieux (catholiques et protestantes) et le D\u00e9partement des affaires indiennes secouent la communaut\u00e9 au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"difl_page_category":[],"class_list":["post-101","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":63,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":853,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101\/revisions\/853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"difl_page_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clio.usherbrooke.ca\/ecole2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/difl_page_category?post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}